Room temperature mass sensing based on nonlinear optomechanical dynamics: membrane-in-the-middle versus suspended membrane

TL;DR

This paper proposes a novel room-temperature mass sensing method using nonlinear optomechanical dynamics, achieving ultra-high sensitivity by analyzing cavity field sidebands in membrane-based systems.

Contribution

It introduces a purely classical nonlinear dynamics approach for mass sensing, demonstrating ultra-high sensitivity and robustness at room temperature in membrane-in-the-middle and suspended membrane systems.

Findings

Sensitivity of about 10^{-11} in mass ratio

Wide operational range covering 7-8 orders of magnitude

Robustness against thermal noise at room temperature

Abstract

How to weigh something as precise as possible is a constant endeavor for human being, and mass sensing has been essential to scientific research and many other aspects of modern society. In this work, we explore a special approach to mass sensing, which is purely based on the classical nonlinear dynamics of cavity optomechanical systems. We consider two types of systems, the mechanical resonator as a suspended membrane inside optical cavity or as a larger movable membrane that separates the optical cavity into two parts. Under a driving laser field with two tones satisfying a specific frequency condition, both systems enter a special dynamical pattern correlating the mechanical oscillation and the sidebands of oscillatory cavity field. After adding the nano-particle, which has its mass \delta m to be measured, to the mechanical membrane as the detector, the cavity field sidebands will exhibit detectable changes, so that the tiny mass \delta m can be deduced from the measured sideband intensities. For the latter system with a membrane in the middle, one can apply an additional single-tone laser field to magnify the modified sidebands much further, achieving an ultra-high sensitivity (\delta m/m) \sim 10^{-11} ($m$ is the mass of the membrane), even given a moderate mechanical quality factor. The operation range of the sensors is very wide, covering 7 or 8 orders of magnitudes. Moreover, a particular advantage of this type of mass sensors comes from the robustness of the realized dynamical pattern against thermal noise, and it enables such mass sensors to work well at room temperature.