Neutron-capture Element Abundances of 491 Stars in Milky Way Dwarf Satellite Galaxies from Medium-Resolution Spectra

TL;DR

This study measures neutron-capture element abundances in 491 stars across five dwarf galaxies using medium-resolution spectra, revealing insights into nucleosynthesis and star formation histories.

Contribution

It provides the largest homogeneous dataset of neutron-capture element abundances in dwarf spheroidal galaxies, using medium-resolution spectra for extensive chemical analysis.

Findings

Evidence of early s-process contribution in Sculptor from Ba/Fe measurements.

Indications of a short-delay r-process source other than neutron star mergers.

Large homogeneous dataset of neutron-capture elements in dwarf galaxies.

Abstract

The chemical compositions of evolved stars in Local Group dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) provide insight into the galaxy's past star formation and nucleosynthesis. Neutron-capture element abundances are especially interesting. In particular, s-process elements can provide a third chemical clock for resolving star formation histories in addition to core collapse and Type Ia supernovae. Likewise, the primary sites of the r-process are still areas of extensive research. Until now, the number of stars with neutron-capture element abundances in dSphs has been limited by the need for stars bright enough for high-resolution spectroscopy. We present abundance measurements of the neutron-capture elements Sr, Y, Ba, and Eu with errors < 0.4 dex - as well as new measurements of Mg - in 491 stars in Sculptor, Fornax, Draco, Sextans, and Ursa Minor. The large number of stars in our sample is possible because we used medium-resolution spectra from the DEIMOS spectrograph, assembling the largest homogeneous set of neutron-capture abundances in dwarf spheroidal galaxies to date. By utilizing the abundances of both s- and r-process elements, we find evidence of an s-process contribution at early times in Sculptor from our measurements of [Ba/Fe]. This is a potential signature of s-process nucleosynthesis in fast-rotating massive stars. By comparing our measurements of [Eu/Fe] with [Mg/Fe], we show the need for an r-process source that has a short delay time to enrich stars in the dSphs. Thus, neutron star mergers are likely not the sole source of r-process material in dSphs.