Realization of electroweak baryogenesis by fourth generation fermions

TL;DR

This paper shows that adding a fourth generation of fermions to the Standard Model can enable electroweak baryogenesis by inducing a strong first-order phase transition and providing sufficient CP violation, explaining the matter-antimatter asymmetry.

Contribution

It demonstrates that fourth generation fermions can facilitate electroweak baryogenesis through dynamical symmetry breaking and enhanced CP violation, a novel extension of the Standard Model.

Findings

Fourth generation quarks form condensates at high Yukawa couplings.

The Higgs potential allows a strong first-order phase transition with /Tca0b9.

Baryon asymmetry can be generated via sphalerons and enhanced CP violation.

Abstract

We demonstrate that the electroweak baryogenesis can be realized in the extended Standard Model with sequential fourth generation fermions (SM4). The solution to the coupled Dyson-Schwinger equations for the fermion and Higgs masses indicates that fourth generation quarks $t'$ and $b'$ with the Yukawa couplings above the threshold $g_Q^c\approx 9.1$ form condensates. This critical coupling, greater than the value $g_Y^f\approx 7$ at the ultraviolet fixed point of the renormalization-group evolution in the SM4, implies the existence of an electroweak symmetric phase at a high energy. The $t'$ and $b'$ Yukawa couplings evolve as the energy decreases, and exceed $g_Q^c$ at a lower scale. The Higgs potential with the dynamical symmetry breaking effect from heavy quark condensates plus the one-loop temperature-dependent correction from the heavy scalars formed by $t'$ and $b'$ quarks allow the first-order phase transition characterized by the ratio $\phi_c/T_c\approx 0.9$, where $\phi_c$ is the location of the Higgs potential minimum at the critical temperature $T_c$. Together with the baryon number violating sphaleron interaction inherent in the Standard Model and the enhanced $CP$ violation source from fourth generation quarks, the baryon asymmetry in the Universe can be achieved.