MedForge: Building Medical Foundation Models Like Open Source Software Development

TL;DR

MedForge introduces a community-driven framework for developing medical foundation models that preserves patient privacy, enables task-specific adaptation, and improves multi-institutional clinical performance.

Contribution

It proposes a novel cooperative framework using LoRA modules for scalable, privacy-preserving medical model development across institutions.

Findings

Strong performance on multiple clinical datasets

Effective multi-center clinical collaboration

Preserves raw patient data privacy

Abstract

Foundational models (FMs) have made significant strides in the healthcare domain. Yet the data silo challenge and privacy concern remain in healthcare systems, hindering safe medical data sharing and collaborative model development among institutions. The collection and curation of scalable clinical datasets increasingly become the bottleneck for training strong FMs. In this study, we propose Medical Foundation Models Merging (MedForge), a cooperative framework enabling a community-driven medical foundation model development, meanwhile preventing the information leakage of raw patient data and mitigating synchronization model development issues across clinical institutions. MedForge offers a bottom-up model construction mechanism by flexibly merging task-specific Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) modules, which can adapt to downstream tasks while retaining original model parameters. Through an asynchronous LoRA module integration scheme, the resulting composite model can progressively enhance its comprehensive performance on various clinical tasks. MedForge shows strong performance on multiple clinical datasets (e.g., breast cancer, lung cancer, and colon cancer) collected from different institutions. Our major findings highlight the value of collaborative foundation models in advancing multi-center clinical collaboration effectively and cohesively. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/TanZheling/MedForge.