SuperGPQA: Scaling LLM Evaluation across 285 Graduate Disciplines

TL;DR

SuperGPQA is a new benchmark that evaluates LLMs across 285 specialized academic disciplines, revealing significant performance gaps and providing methodological insights for large-scale knowledge assessment.

Contribution

The paper introduces SuperGPQA, a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary benchmark with a novel collaborative filtering approach for question refinement, expanding evaluation scope beyond mainstream fields.

Findings

Current LLMs perform poorly across many disciplines.

DeepSeek-R1 achieved 61.82% accuracy on SuperGPQA.

Large-scale annotation involved over 80 experts.

Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in mainstream academic disciplines such as mathematics, physics, and computer science. However, human knowledge encompasses over 200 specialized disciplines, far exceeding the scope of existing benchmarks. The capabilities of LLMs in many of these specialized fields-particularly in light industry, agriculture, and service-oriented disciplines-remain inadequately evaluated. To address this gap, we present SuperGPQA, a comprehensive benchmark that evaluates graduate-level knowledge and reasoning capabilities across 285 disciplines. Our benchmark employs a novel Human-LLM collaborative filtering mechanism to eliminate trivial or ambiguous questions through iterative refinement based on both LLM responses and expert feedback. Our experimental results reveal significant room for improvement in the performance of current state-of-the-art LLMs across diverse knowledge domains (e.g., the reasoning-focused model DeepSeek-R1 achieved the highest accuracy of 61.82% on SuperGPQA), highlighting the considerable gap between current model capabilities and artificial general intelligence. Additionally, we present comprehensive insights from our management of a large-scale annotation process, involving over 80 expert annotators and an interactive Human-LLM collaborative system, offering valuable methodological guidance for future research initiatives of comparable scope.