System-level Analysis of Dual-Mode Networked Sensing: ISAC Integration & Coordination Gains

TL;DR

This paper provides a comprehensive system-level analysis of dual-mode networked sensing in dense millimeter-wave ISAC networks, revealing significant coordination and integration gains through stochastic geometry modeling and dual-mode operation.

Contribution

It introduces a dual-mode framework combining monostatic and multistatic sensing, quantifies integration and coordination gains, and analyzes tradeoffs in dense mmWave ISAC networks.

Findings

Multistatic sensing with six BSs doubles sensing coverage probability.

Dual-mode operation can double network throughput.

Multistatic sensing alone improves throughput by over 50%.

Abstract

This paper characterizes integration and coordination gains in dense millimeter-wave ISAC networks through a dual-mode framework that combines monostatic and multistatic sensing. A comprehensive system-level analysis is conducted, accounting for base station (BS) density, power allocation, antenna misalignment, radar cross-section (RCS) fluctuations, clutter, bistatic geometry, channel fading, and self-interference cancellation (SIC) efficiency. Using stochastic geometry, coverage probabilities and ergodic rates for sensing and communication are derived, revealing tradeoffs among BS density, beamwidth, and power allocation. It is shown that the communication performance sustained reliable operation despite the overlaid sensing functionality. In contrast, the results reveal the foundational role of spatial sensing diversity, driven by the dual-mode operation, to compensate for the weak sensing reflections and vulnerability to imperfect SIC along with interference and clutter. To this end, we identify a system transition from monostatic to multistatic-dominant sensing operation as a function of the SIC efficiency. In the latter case, using six multistatic BSs instead of a single bistatic receiver improved sensing coverage probability by over 100%, highlighting the coordination gain. Moreover, comparisons with pure communication networks confirm substantial integration gain. Specifically, dual-mode networked sensing with four cooperative BSs can double throughput, while multistatic sensing alone improves throughput by over 50%.