Generalized quantum two level model and its application in astrophysics

TL;DR

This paper introduces a generalized quantum two-level model applicable to complex astrophysical scenarios involving curved spacetime and electric fields, enabling better understanding of phenomena like Hawking radiation and gravitational pair production.

Contribution

The paper develops a versatile and simple quantum two-level model that works with arbitrary time-dependent curved spacetime and electric fields, aligning with quantum kinetic theory.

Findings

Accurately describes particle momentum distributions and gravitational effects.

Calculates vortex structures and intrinsic angular momentum of particles.

Potentially advances predictions of gravitational waves and black hole radiation.

Abstract

Complicated time-dependent curved spacetime and electric field are involved in many astrophysical situations, including the early universe, Hawking radiation, the Schwinger effect, and gravitational pair production. In this Letter, a generalized quantum two-level model (GQTLM) is developed, which is applicable to arbitrary time-dependent curved spacetime and electric field. The model is found to be consistent with quantum kinetic theory, and is characterized by its simplicity and versatility. The momentum distribution of particles and the effects of gravitational distortions can be correctly described. Quantum properties concerning vortex structures, such as the intrinsic orbital angular momentum of particles and antiparticles can also be conveniently calculated. The model is expected to significantly advance the quantum exploration of the universe. It could refine the prediction of primordial gravitational waves and relevant non-Gaussian signals, extend the calculation of Hawking radiation to general black hole configurations, help to distinguish neutron stars from strange quark stars, and elucidate the gravitational pair production mechanism.