Giant vortex in a harmonically-trapped rotating dipolar $^{164}$Dy condensate

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the formation and stability of giant vortices in a rotating dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate of dysprosium atoms, using an advanced mean-field model that includes quantum fluctuation effects.

Contribution

It introduces a numerical method to create and verify the stability of giant vortices in a dipolar BEC with an improved mean-field model accounting for Lee-Huang-Yang corrections.

Findings

Giant vortices can be formed in dipolar BECs under rotation.

These vortices are dynamically stable over long periods.

The method involves imaginary-time propagation and phase imprinting.

Abstract

We demonstrate the formation of dynamically stable giant vortices in a harmonically-trapped strongly dipolar $^{164}$Dy Bose-Einstein condensate under rotation around the polarization direction of dipolar atoms, employing the numerical solution of an improved mean-field model including a Lee-Huang-Yang-type interaction, meant to stop a collapse at high atom density. These giant vortices are stationary, obtainable by imaginary-time propagation using a Gaussian initial state, while the appropriate phase of the giant vortex is imprinted on the initial wave function. The dynamical stability of the giant vortices is established by real-time propagation during a long interval of time after a small change of a parameter.