Optimal and Coordinated Voltage Control: Case Study on a 132 kV Norwegian Grid Subsystem

TL;DR

This paper introduces a hierarchical voltage control framework for a Norwegian 132 kV grid, demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing power losses and maintaining voltage stability through practical coordination of multiple reactive resources.

Contribution

It presents a novel dynamic assessment framework for multi-layer voltage regulation, emphasizing practical coordination strategies for real-world transmission systems.

Findings

Effective reduction of active power losses.

Maintains voltage profiles within acceptable limits.

Enhances daily control center management efficiency.

Abstract

This work presents a framework for dynamic performance assessment of the higher layers in the hierarchical voltage regulation scheme, with case studies applied to specific areas of the Norwegian grid. Unlike the primary (PVR) level, the secondary (SVR) and tertiary (TVR) levels are not tuned to a single device at a time, handling instead several reactive power resources available within a control zone including generator units, static VAr compensators and others. Proper SVR-TVR coordination for realistic transmission systems is a challenging topic at the core of many ongoing discussions in voltage control literature. Special focus is placed on practical considerations from the system operator perspective, since this research is also aimed at simplifying daily control centre routines. Dynamic simulation results concern a 21-bus equivalent of a 132 kV network model that accurately represents a Norwegian grid subsystem. Case studies address daily grid operation with real-life load demand and wind power generation profiles, showing that the proposed strategy is effective not only to minimize total active power losses as much as possible within system-wide limitations, but also to maintain adequate voltage profiles and reactive power flows. Findings pertaining to this work showcase the benefits of applying hierarchical voltage regulation layers as an asset to day-to-day control center management of a realistic transmission network.