Experimental Search for the Chiral Magnetic Effect in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions: A Perspective

TL;DR

This paper reviews the experimental efforts and progress in searching for the chiral magnetic effect in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, highlighting challenges, recent results, and future prospects for potential discovery.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive perspective on the experimental status, recent findings, and future directions in the search for the chiral magnetic effect in heavy-ion collisions.

Findings

Hints of a possible CME signal in Au+Au collisions

Progress from initial measurements to isobar collision experiments

Future high-statistics data at RHIC may confirm CME detection

Abstract

The chiral magnetic effect (CME) refers to generation of the electric current along a magnetic field in a chirally imbalanced system of quarks. The latter is predicted by quantum chromodynamics to arise from quark interaction with non-trivial topological fluctuations of the vacuum gluonic field. The CME has been actively searched for in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, where such gluonic field fluctuations and a strong magnetic field are believed to be present. The CME-sensitive observables are unfortunately subject to a possibly large non-CME background, and firm conclusions on a CME observation have not yet been reached. In this perspective, we review the experimental status and progress in the CME search, from the initial measurements more than a decade ago, to the dedicated program of isobar collisions in 2018 and the release of the isobar blind analysis result in 2022, to intriguing hints of a possible CME signal in Au+Au collisions, and discuss future prospects of a potential CME discovery in the anticipated high-statistic Au+Au collision data at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider by 2025. We hope such a perspective will help sharpening our focus on the fundamental physics of the CME and steer its experimental search.