Balancing service provision by EV aggregator in different TSO-DSO coordination schemes

TL;DR

This paper evaluates how different TSO-DSO coordination schemes affect EV aggregator services for grid balancing, showing hybrid schemes benefit aggregators more and seasonal variations influence profits.

Contribution

It introduces a comparative analysis of TSO-DSO coordination schemes on EV aggregator performance and grid impact, with validation using real Dutch network data.

Findings

Hybrid-managed schemes benefit EV aggregators more.

EV aggregator profits are higher in winter.

Coordination schemes influence grid congestion management.

Abstract

The increasing penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in the distribution system has led to the emergence of a new market actor - the aggregator. The aggregator serves as a facilitator, enabling flexibility asset owners to get access to different markets. In which, EVs aggregators are gaining more attention due to their expanding use and potential to provide services in various types of markets, particularly in the reserve market. Currently, TSO indirectly utilizes these resources under the management of the distribution system operators (DSO), which can negatively impact the distribution grid. Conversely, adjustments from DSOs can impact service provision to TSO due to the shortage of TSO usage information. These factors highlight the importance of evaluating the service provision from aggregators under different TSO-DSO coordination schemes. This paper focuses on the provision of flexibility from electric vehicles (EVs) aggregators for balancing service in the TSO-DSO hybrid-managed and compares it with the DSO-managed coordination schemes. The behavior of aggregators reacting to price fluctuations and TSO requests under different coordination schemes and simulation scenarios is thoroughly evaluated. Additionally, their impact on the grid is analyzed through the DSO's congestion management process and validated using data from a real part of the Dutch distribution network. Results find that the hybrid-managed coordination scheme gives more benefit to the aggregator than the DSO-managed scheme and the EVs aggregator will gain more profit in winter than summer due to more upward regulation service is needed.