A Taxonomy of Real Faults in Hybrid Quantum-Classical Architectures
Avner Bensoussan, Gunel Jahangirova, Mohammad Reza Mousavi

TL;DR
This paper introduces a comprehensive taxonomy of real faults in hybrid quantum-classical architectures, based on empirical analysis of GitHub issues, validated through expert interviews and surveys.
Contribution
It presents the first detailed taxonomy of faults specific to hybrid quantum-classical systems, supported by a dataset of real faults and validation with domain experts.
Findings
Identified and classified 133 real faults in hybrid quantum-classical architectures.
Validated the taxonomy through expert interviews and surveys.
Provided a dataset of over 5000 issues analyzed for fault analysis.
Abstract
With the popularity of Hybrid Quantum-Classical architectures, particularly noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) architectures, comes the need for quality assurance methods tailored to their specific faults. In this study, we propose a taxonomy of faults in Hybrid Quantum-Classical architectures accompanied by a dataset of real faults in the identified categories. To achieve this, we empirically analysed open-source repositories for fixed faults. We analysed over 5000 closed issues on GitHub and pre-selected 529 of them based on rigorously defined inclusion criteria. We selected 133 faults that we labelled around symptoms and the origin of the faults. We cross-validated the classification and labels assigned to every fault between two of the authors. As a result, we introduced a taxonomy of real faults in Hybrid Quantum-Classical architectures. Subsequently, we validated the taxonomy…
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