Multicomponent one-dimensional quantum droplets across the mean-field stability regime

TL;DR

This paper derives analytical expressions for Lee-Huang-Yang energy corrections in multicomponent one-dimensional bosonic mixtures, revealing new phase behaviors and providing insights into exotic self-bound quantum droplet states.

Contribution

It provides the first analytical LHY energy formulas for multi-component 1D bosonic mixtures across the stability regime, highlighting novel phase separation and droplet phenomena.

Findings

Deviations in saturation density and width with intercomponent attraction.

Early phase separation onset in repulsive mixtures.

Multiple mixed droplet states in symmetric and asymmetric systems.

Abstract

The Lee-Huang-Yang (LHY) energy correction at the edge of the mean-field stability regime is known to give rise to beyond mean-field structures in a wide variety of systems. In this work, we analytically derive the LHY energy for two-, three- and four-component one-dimensional bosonic short-range interacting mixtures across the mean-field stability regime. For varying intercomponent attraction in the two-component setting, quantitative deviations from the original LHY treatment emerge being imprinted in the droplet saturation density and width. On the other hand, for repulsive interactions an unseen early onset of phase-separation occurs for both homonuclear and heteronuclear mixtures. Closed LHY expressions for the fully-symmetric three- and four-component mixtures, as well as for mixtures comprised of two identical components coupled to a third independent component are provided and found to host a plethora of mixed droplet states. Our results are expected to inspire future investigations in multicomponent systems for unveiling exotic self-bound states of matter and unravel their nonequilibrium quantum dynamics.