Thermal behavior of Bose-Einstein condensates of polar molecules
Juan S\'anchez-Baena, Gerard Pascual, Ra\'ul Bomb\'in, Ferran Mazzanti, Jordi Boronat
TL;DR
This paper models the finite-temperature behavior of Bose-Einstein condensates of polar molecules using the extended Gross-Pitaevskii equation, successfully matching recent experimental results for NaCs molecules.
Contribution
It applies the TeGPE formalism to polar molecule condensates, providing detailed predictions of condensate fraction and density profiles at finite temperature.
Findings
Condensate fraction matches experimental data
Density profiles agree with measurements
Peak density estimates are consistent with experiments
Abstract
We use the finite-temperature extended Gross-Pitaevskii equation (TeGPE) to study a condensate of dipolar NaCs molecules under the conditions of the very recent, breakthrough experiment [Bigagli et.al., Nature 631, 289 (2024)]. We report the condensate fraction of the system, and its density profile after a time-of flight expansion for the coldest experimental case, finding excellent agreement with the experimental measurements. We also report the peak density of the ground state and establish a comparison with the experimental estimates. Our results, derived from the TeGPE formalism, successfully describe the Bose-Einstein condensation of polar molecules at finite temperature.
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