What causes the ultraviolet extinction bump at the cosmic dawn?

TL;DR

This paper investigates the origin of the UV extinction bump observed at the cosmic dawn, using JWST data, and concludes that small graphite grains are unlikely to be its carrier due to spectral inconsistencies.

Contribution

The study challenges the traditional view that small graphite grains cause the UV bump at high redshift, providing new insights into dust composition in the early universe.

Findings

Small graphite grains do not produce the observed UV bump at z=6.71.

The UV bump's spectral features are inconsistent with graphite grain models.

Alternative carriers for the UV bump are suggested for future research.

Abstract

The enigmatic ultraviolet (UV) extinction bump at 2175 Angstrom, the strongest spectroscopic absorption feature superimposed on the interstellar extinction curve, has recently been detected at the cosmic dawn by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in JADES-GS-z6-0, a distant galaxy at redshift z=6.71, corresponding to a cosmic age of just 800 million years after the Big Bang. Although small graphite grains have historically long been suggested as the carrier of the 2175 Angstrom extinction bump and graphite grains are expected to have already been pervasive in the early Universe, in this work we demonstrate that small graphite grains are not responsible for the UV extinction bump seen at the cosmic dawn in JADES-GS-z6-0, as the extinction bump arising from small graphite grains is too broad and peaks at wavelengths that are too short to be consistent with what is seen in JADES-GS-z6-0.