Towards a quantum realization of the ampere using single-electron resolution Skipper-CCDs

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the potential of Skipper-CCDs, with single-electron resolution, as a novel technology for creating a quantum-based current source, advancing towards a quantum realization of the ampere.

Contribution

It introduces the use of Skipper-CCDs for electron counting and current generation, showing initial experimental validation of their capabilities for quantum current standards.

Findings

Successful manipulation of small and large electron charge packets

Comparison of charge measurements with an electrometer

Potential for low ppm and high current realizations

Abstract

This paper presents a proof-of-concept demonstration of the Skipper-CCD, a sensor with single-electron counting capability, as a promising technology for implementing an electron-pump-based current source. Relying on its single-electron resolution and built-in charge sensing, it allows self-calibration of the charge packets. This article presents an initial discussion of how low ppm and high current realizations can be achieved with this technology. We report experimental results that illustrate the key functionalities in manipulating both small and large electron charge packets, including a comparison of the charge generated, self-measured, and drained by the sensor against measurements from an electrometer. These results were obtained using a standard sensor and readout electronics without specific optimizations for this application. The objective is to explore the potential of Skipper-CCD for realizing an electron-based current source.