Hybrid classical-quantum communication networks

TL;DR

This paper reviews the integration of quantum communication protocols into existing classical fiber-optic networks, highlighting the potential for cost-effective, hybrid quantum-classical communication systems leveraging current infrastructure.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of research on hybrid quantum-classical networks, emphasizing practical integration strategies and future prospects for seamless communication.

Findings

Quantum key distribution can be integrated into lightwave networks.

Hybrid networks reduce implementation costs by sharing infrastructure.

Future networks will support both classical and quantum communications seamlessly.

Abstract

Over the past several decades, the proliferation of global classical communication networks has transformed various facets of human society. Concurrently, quantum networking has emerged as a dynamic field of research, driven by its potential applications in distributed quantum computing, quantum sensor networks, and secure communications. This prompts a fundamental question: rather than constructing quantum networks from scratch, can we harness the widely available classical fiber-optic infrastructure to establish hybrid quantum-classical networks? This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of ongoing research endeavors aimed at integrating quantum communication protocols, such as quantum key distribution, into existing lightwave networks. This approach offers the substantial advantage of reducing implementation costs by allowing classical and quantum communication protocols to share optical fibers, communication hardware, and other network control resources, arguably the most pragmatic solution in the near term. In the long run, classical communication will also reap the rewards of innovative quantum communication technologies, such as quantum memories and repeaters. Accordingly, our vision for the future of the Internet is that of heterogeneous communication networks thoughtfully designed for the seamless support of both classical and quantum communications.