Comprehensive Analysis of Thermal Dissipation in Lithium-Ion Battery Packs

TL;DR

This paper evaluates thermal management strategies for lithium-ion battery packs in drones, optimizing airflow configurations and integrating phase change materials to improve heat dissipation and thermal stability.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive simulation-based analysis of geometric and material modifications for enhanced thermal performance in drone battery packs.

Findings

Trapezoidal configuration with specific airflow setup offers optimal temperature control.

PCM integration extends phase change duration to 12.5 minutes.

Optimized design maintains stable temperatures across various airflow speeds.

Abstract

Effective thermal management is critical for lithium-ion battery packs' safe and efficient operations, particularly in applications such as drones, where compact designs and varying airflow conditions present unique challenges. This study investigates the thermal performance of a 16-cell lithium-ion battery pack by optimizing cooling airflow configurations and integrating phase change materials (PCMs) for enhanced heat dissipation. Seven geometric configurations were evaluated under airflow speeds ranging from 0 to 15 m/s, reflecting the operational conditions of civilian drones. A comprehensive 3D simulation approach was used to analyze the effects of inlet and outlet configurations, airflow dynamics, and PCM phase transition behavior. Results indicate that the trapezoidal (wide-base) configuration, paired with a 5-inlet and 1-outlet setup, achieves the most balanced performance, effectively maintaining optimal operating temperatures across low and high-speed airflow conditions. PCM integration further stabilized thermal behavior, with phase change durations extending to 12.5 min under tested conditions. These findings highlight the importance of geometric optimization and material integration in advancing compact and reliable thermal management systems for energy-dense battery packs. This study provides a foundation for designing efficient cooling strategies tailored to lightweight applications such as drones and portable energy storage systems.