Diffusion-empowered AutoPrompt MedSAM

TL;DR

AutoMedSAM introduces an automated, diffusion-based prompt encoder to MedSAM, significantly reducing manual effort and embedding semantic labels, thereby enhancing usability and segmentation accuracy in medical imaging.

Contribution

The paper presents AutoMedSAM, a novel diffusion-guided prompt encoder that automates prompt generation and incorporates semantic information, improving MedSAM's clinical applicability.

Findings

Achieves superior segmentation performance across multiple datasets.

Enables fully automated prompts with semantic labels.

Broadens MedSAM's usability for non-expert users.

Abstract

MedSAM, a medical foundation model derived from the SAM architecture, has demonstrated notable success across diverse medical domains. However, its clinical application faces two major challenges: the dependency on labor-intensive manual prompt generation, which imposes a significant burden on clinicians, and the absence of semantic labeling in the generated segmentation masks for organs or lesions, limiting its practicality for non-expert users. To address these limitations, we propose AutoMedSAM, an end-to-end framework derived from SAM, designed to enhance usability and segmentation performance. AutoMedSAM retains MedSAM's image encoder and mask decoder structure while introducing a novel diffusion-based class prompt encoder. The diffusion-based encoder employs a dual-decoder structure to collaboratively generate prompt embeddings guided by sparse and dense prompt definitions. These embeddings enhance the model's ability to understand and process clinical imagery autonomously. With this encoder, AutoMedSAM leverages class prompts to embed semantic information into the model's predictions, transforming MedSAM's semi-automated pipeline into a fully automated workflow. Furthermore, AutoMedSAM employs an uncertainty-aware joint optimization strategy during training to effectively inherit MedSAM's pre-trained knowledge while improving generalization by integrating multiple loss functions. Experimental results across diverse datasets demonstrate that AutoMedSAM achieves superior performance while broadening its applicability to both clinical settings and non-expert users. Code is available at https://github.com/HP-ML/AutoPromptMedSAM.git.