CS-SHAP: Extending SHAP to Cyclic-Spectral Domain for Better Interpretability of Intelligent Fault Diagnosis

TL;DR

CS-SHAP extends SHAP to the cyclic-spectral domain, providing more accurate and interpretable explanations for neural network decisions in fault diagnosis by evaluating contributions from both carrier and modulation frequencies.

Contribution

The paper introduces CS-SHAP, a novel post-hoc interpretability method that extends SHAP to the cyclic-spectral domain for better fault mechanism explanations in neural networks.

Findings

CS-SHAP offers clearer, more accurate explanations aligned with fault mechanisms.

Validated on three datasets, demonstrating superior interpretability and practical performance.

Open-source implementation facilitates adoption and benchmarking in fault diagnosis.

Abstract

Neural networks (NNs), with their powerful nonlinear mapping and end-to-end capabilities, are widely applied in mechanical intelligent fault diagnosis (IFD). However, as typical black-box models, they pose challenges in understanding their decision basis and logic, limiting their deployment in high-reliability scenarios. Hence, various methods have been proposed to enhance the interpretability of IFD. Among these, post-hoc approaches can provide explanations without changing model architecture, preserving its flexibility and scalability. However, existing post-hoc methods often suffer from limitations in explanation forms. They either require preprocessing that disrupts the end-to-end nature or overlook fault mechanisms, leading to suboptimal explanations. To address these issues, we derived the cyclic-spectral (CS) transform and proposed the CS-SHAP by extending Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) to the CS domain. CS-SHAP can evaluate contributions from both carrier and modulation frequencies, aligning more closely with fault mechanisms and delivering clearer and more accurate explanations. Three datasets are utilized to validate the superior interpretability of CS-SHAP, ensuring its correctness, reproducibility, and practical performance. With open-source code and outstanding interpretability, CS-SHAP has the potential to be widely adopted and become the post-hoc interpretability benchmark in IFD, even in other classification tasks. The code is available on https://github.com/ChenQian0618/CS-SHAP.