Polynomially Superintegrable Hamiltonians Separating in Cartesian Coordinates

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new method for deriving coefficients of superintegrable Hamiltonians that separate in Cartesian coordinates, simplifying the analysis of complex potentials including higher transcendental functions.

Contribution

A novel approach that directly computes coefficients for Cartesian-separable superintegrable Hamiltonians without dividing potentials into standard or exotic classes.

Findings

Derived explicit formulas for coefficients in classical and quantum cases.

Identified conditions where fractional terms in momenta can be eliminated.

Presented fourth-order standard potentials and conjectures on broader families.

Abstract

The problem of finding superintegrable Hamiltonians and their integrals of motion can be reduced to solving a series of compatibility equations that result from the overdetermination of the commutator or Poisson bracket relations. The computation of the compatibility equations requires a general formula for the coefficients, which in turn must depend on the potential to be solved for. This is in general a nonlinear problem and quite difficult. Thus, research has focused on dividing the classes of potential into standard and exotic ones so that a number of parameters may be set to zero and the coefficients may be obtained in a simpler setting. We have developed a new method in both the classical and quantum setting which readily yields a formula for the coefficients of the invariant without recourse to this division in the case of Cartesian-separable Hamiltonians. Even though they allow separation of variables as they in general involve potential in terms of higher transcendental and beyond hypergeometric for their wavefunctions, they are quite non-trivial models. The expressions we obtain are in general non-polynomial in the momenta whose fractional terms can be arbitrarily set to zero. These conditions are equivalent to the compatibility equations, but the only unknowns in addition to the potential are constant parameters. We also give the fourth-order standard potentials, and conjectures about general families.