Probing properties of nuclear spin-orbit interaction with nucleon spin polarization in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions

TL;DR

This study investigates how nuclear spin-orbit interactions influence nucleon spin polarization in heavy-ion collisions, revealing that polarization patterns can serve as probes for the interaction's strength, density dependence, and isospin effects.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of nucleon spin polarization in heavy-ion collisions using a spin-dependent transport model, highlighting the sensitivity of polarization to nuclear spin-orbit interaction properties.

Findings

Density-dependent spin-orbit coupling enhances $P_y$ at large rapidities.

Differences in neutron and proton $P_y$ reveal isospin dependence.

$P_y$ serves as a probe for spin-orbit interaction characteristics.

Abstract

The nucleon spin polarization perpendicular to the reaction plane ($P_y$) and along the beam direction ($P_z$) in Au+Au collisions at the beam energy of 100A MeV with different nuclear spin-orbit interactions has been studied based on a spin- and isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (SIBUU) transport model. While the spin polarization is weaker with a weaker nuclear spin-orbit coupling as intuitively expected, a density-dependent nuclear spin-orbit coupling enhances the $P_y$ at large rapidities and leads to a less negative or large $P_y$ at high transverse momenta. The difference in the $P_y$ of free neutrons and protons at midrapidities and at small transverse momenta is sensitive to the isospin dependence of the nuclear spin-orbit interaction. While the $P_z$ is also affected by the properties of nuclear spin-orbit interaction in some sense, the behavior of the $P_y$ serves as a good probe of the strength, density dependence, and isospin dependence of nuclear spin-orbit interaction.