Geometrical frustration, power law tunneling and non-local gauge fields from scattered light

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how off-resonant photon scattering on a geometrically shaped molecular cloud can be used to engineer complex quantum Hamiltonians with tunable tunneling, frustration, and gauge fields, enabling advanced quantum simulations.

Contribution

It introduces a method to precisely control the range, amplitude, and sign of tunneling in a Bose-Hubbard model using scattered light from molecular clouds with various geometries.

Findings

Achieved tunable long-range power law hopping.

Realized geometrical frustration and non-local gauge fields.

Provided an alternative Hamiltonian engineering approach.

Abstract

Designing the amplitude and range of couplings in quantum systems is a fundamental tool for exploring a large variety of quantum mechanical effects. Here, we consider off-resonant photon scattering processes on a geometrically shaped molecular cloud. Our analysis shows that such a setup is properly modeled by a Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian where the range, amplitude and sign of the tunneling processes of the scattered photonic modes can be accurately tuned. Specifically, by varying the molecular distribution, we demonstrate that different configurations characterized by geometrical frustration, long-range power law hopping processes, and non-local gauge fields can be achieved. Our results thus represent a powerful and alternative approach to perform an accurate Hamiltonian engineering of quantum systems with non trivial coupling structures.