Shape-asymmetry and flexibility in active cross-stream migration in nonuniform shear

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how activity and shape asymmetry enable microswimmers to cross streamlines in nonuniform shear flows, revealing new insights into their migration behavior and control.

Contribution

It introduces a model showing the importance of shape asymmetry and flexibility in microswimmer cross-stream migration under shear flow.

Findings

Hydrodynamic coupling influences migration paths.

Flagellar flexibility affects migration efficiency.

Theoretical framework explains nonlinear migration dynamics.

Abstract

We show that activity and broken fore-aft shape symmetry enable microswimmers to cross streamlines in nonuniform shear, a key yet overlooked factor in active cross-stream migration. Using a model of flagellated microswimmers in microchannel flow, we find that hydrodynamic coupling and flagellar flexibility significantly impact migration. A simplified theory identifies key factors driving the underlying rich nonlinear dynamics. Our findings apply to dynamics and control of both living and artificial microswimmers, while the hydrodynamic framework extends to diverse shear flow scenarios.