Gaps in stellar streams as a result of globular cluster fly-bys

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that globular clusters can create gaps in stellar streams like Palomar 5, indicating that such baryonic interactions must be considered when studying dark matter sub-halos in the Milky Way.

Contribution

It introduces the idea that globular clusters can induce gaps in stellar streams, expanding the understanding of baryonic influences on stream perturbations.

Findings

Globular clusters can cause significant perturbations in stellar streams.

Perturbations by clusters like NGC 2808 and NGC 7078 induce gaps.

Baryonic objects must be considered in dark matter sub-halo studies.

Abstract

Thin stellar streams, such as those resulting from the tidal disruption of globular clusters, have long been known and used as probes of the gravitational potential of our Galaxy, both its visible and dark contents. In particular, the presence of under-density regions, or gaps, along these streams is commonly interpreted as being due to the close passage of dark matter sub-halos. In this work, we investigate the perturbations induced on streams by the passage of dense stellar systems, such as globular clusters themselves, to test the possibility that they may cause the formation of gaps as well. In particular, we focus on the study of the stream of Palomar 5, a well-known globular cluster in the Galactic halo, which has particularly long tidal tails. For this purpose, we used a particle-test code to simulate Palomar 5's tidal tails when subjected to the Galaxy's gravitational field plus its whole system of globular clusters. Our study shows that the tails of Palomar 5 can be strongly perturbed by the close passage of other clusters, in particular of NGC 2808, NGC 7078, NGC 104, and that these perturbations induce the formation of gaps in the tails. These results show that globular clusters are capable of inducing gaps in streams--as other baryonic components such as giant molecular clouds and the galactic bar have been shown to do in other works. Therefore, when searching to construct the distribution function of dark matter sub halos within the Milky Way, the gap contribution from globular clusters must be included.