QCD Equation of State with Strong Magnetic Fields and Nonzero Baryon Density

TL;DR

This paper presents lattice QCD simulations exploring the effects of strong magnetic fields and nonzero baryon density on the equation of state, providing continuum estimates and comparisons with theoretical models.

Contribution

It introduces new lattice QCD results for thermodynamic quantities under strong magnetic fields and baryon density, using physical pion mass and Taylor expansion methods.

Findings

Strong magnetic fields significantly affect thermodynamic quantities.

Continuum estimates align with hadron resonance and ideal gas models.

Results provide insights into QCD matter under extreme conditions.

Abstract

In this work, we have carried out lattice simulations of $(2+1)$-flavor QCD using highly improved staggered quarks at the physical pion mass on $32^3 \times 8$ and $48^3 \times 12$ lattices, with magnetic field strengths ranging up to 0.8 GeV$^2$ and nonzero baryon chemical potentials employing the Taylor expansion framework. We present lattice QCD continuum estimate results, along with the magnetized hadron resonance and ideal gas comparisons, for the leading-order Taylor expansion coefficients for bulk thermodynamic quantities such as pressure, number density, energy density, and entropy density, focusing on the significant impact of strong magnetic fields.