Cooperation, satisfaction, and rationality in social games on complex networks with aspiration-driven players

TL;DR

This paper introduces a network model where players' cooperation depends on aspiration levels and rationality, revealing how these factors influence cooperation dynamics and phase transitions in social games.

Contribution

The study provides a theoretical and numerical analysis of aspiration-driven cooperation models, highlighting the impact of rationality, aspiration levels, and network structure on social game outcomes.

Findings

Rational players maintain strategies at low aspiration levels.

Irrational agents promote coexistence with 50% cooperation.

High aspiration levels lead to universal dissatisfaction.

Abstract

A network model based on players' aspirations is proposed and analyzed theoretically and numerically within the framework of evolutionary game theory. In this model, players decide whether to cooperate or defect by comparing their payoffs from pairwise games with their neighbors, driven by a common aspiration level. The model also incorporates a degree of irrationality through an effective temperature in the Fermi function. The level of cooperation in the system is fundamentally influenced by two social attributes: satisfaction, defined as the fraction of players whose payoffs exceed the aspiration level, and the degree of rationality in decision-making. Rational players tend to maintain their initial strategies for sufficiently low aspiration levels, while irrational agents promote a state of perfect coexistence, resulting in half of the agents cooperating. The transition between these two behaviors can be critical, often leading to abrupt changes in cooperation levels. When the aspiration level is high, all players become dissatisfied, regardless of the effective temperature. Intermediate aspiration levels result in diverse behaviors, including sudden transitions for rational agents and a non-monotonic relationship between cooperation and increased irrationality. The study also carefully examines the effects of the interaction structure, initial conditions, and the strategy update rule (asynchronous versus synchronous). Special attention is given to the prisoner's dilemma, where significant cooperation levels can be achieved in a structured environment, with moderate aspiration and high rationality settings, and following a synchronous strategy updating scheme.