A Bayesian perspective on single-shot laser characterization

TL;DR

This paper presents a Bayesian framework for laser shot measurement that redefines single-shot capability, providing rigorous criteria and uncertainty bounds, and demonstrating significant uncertainty reduction in ultra-intense laser characterization.

Contribution

It introduces a Bayesian approach to laser measurement, redefining single-shot measurement criteria and providing quantitative uncertainty bounds with improved precision.

Findings

Uncertainty reduced by up to 60% using Bayesian methods

First quantitative bounds on pulse front tilt and curvature

Single-shot capability depends on measurement precision and system variability

Abstract

We introduce a Bayesian framework for measuring spatio-temporal couplings (STCs) in ultra-intense lasers that reconceptualizes what constitutes a 'single-shot' measurement. Moving beyond traditional distinctions between single- and multi-shot devices, our approach provides rigorous criteria for determining when measurements can truly resolve individual laser shots rather than statistical averages. This framework shows that single-shot capability is not an intrinsic device property but emerges from the relationship between measurement precision and inherent parameter variability. Implementing this approach with a new measurement device at the ATLAS-3000 petawatt laser, we provide the first quantitative uncertainty bounds on pulse front tilt and curvature. Notably, we observe that our Bayesian method reduces uncertainty by up to 60% compared to traditional approaches. Through this analysis, we reveal how the interplay between measurement precision and intrinsic system variability defines achievable resolution -- insights that have direct implications for applications where precise control of laser-matter interaction is critical.