Specific Heats for Rotating Quantum BTZ Black Holes in Extended Thermodynamics

TL;DR

This paper investigates the heat capacities of rotating quantum BTZ black holes within extended thermodynamics, revealing multiple branches with both stable and unstable phases and exploring the effects of rotation on thermodynamic properties.

Contribution

It extends previous static black hole heat capacity analyses to rotating cases, deriving exact formulas and examining stability and divergence points.

Findings

Multiple heat capacity branches observed, including positive and negative values.

Divergences in heat capacities occur at specific points, indicating phase transitions.

Rotation introduces infinite families of heat capacities, enriching thermodynamic behavior.

Abstract

In the framework of extended thermodynamics, where the cosmological constant $\Lambda$ plays the role of a dynamical pressure $p$, its conjugate variable $V$ arises naturally. This makes it possible to define $C_p$ and $C_V$, the heat capacities at constant pressure and volume, respectively. We extend our previous work on the heat capacities of the static ``quantum" version of the BTZ black hole defined on a braneworld model to the case where the black hole is rotating. The extra degree of freedom that rotation grants the system imparts it with infinite families of both $C_p$ and $C_V$. We find exact formulae for these heat capacities as functions of the three dimensionless parameters of the theory, and explore some special cases in detail. In all cases considered, at least two physically realizable branches were observed, including both positive and negative heat capacities, signaling both stable and unstable black holes, respectively. Though the critical point seen in the static case disappears, other interesting points arise where the heat capacities diverge. Finally, we discuss the conjectured connection in the literature between the super-entropicity of a black hole and its instability, though much like in the static case, the exact relationship, if any, remains unclear.