Potential of photon-subtracted CV states towards gain sensitivity of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that photon subtraction from weakly squeezed vacuum states enhances the phase sensitivity of Mach-Zehnder interferometers beyond previous limits, offering a more efficient approach for quantum metrology.

Contribution

It introduces a novel method of improving interferometric sensitivity by photon subtraction from weakly squeezed states, outperforming highly squeezed state strategies.

Findings

Gain sensitivity improved by over 10 dB using photon-subtracted states.

Photon subtraction from weakly squeezed states is more efficient than generating highly squeezed states.

Enhanced measurement precision achieved with photon subtraction from low-squeezing states.

Abstract

Quantum Cramer-Rao (QCR) bound is attached to a particular nonclassical state, therefore appropriate choice of the probe state is of the key importance to enhance sensitivity beyond classical one. Since the work of C.M. Caves (Phys. Rev. D 23 1693 (1981)) Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometry operates with single-mode squeezed vacuum (SMSV) light coupled with a coherent state. We report the gain sensitivity of the phase-dependent MZ interferometer by more than 10 dB compared to the original result (Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 073601 (2008)) by using SMSV state with squeezing <10 dB from which a certain number of photons was initially subtracted. The gain sensitivity is also observed when measuring the difference of output intensities of the SMSV state with squeezing <3 dB from which 2,4,6 photons are subtracted and large coherent state. Overall, subtracting photons from the initially weakly squeezed light can prove to be a more efficient strategy in the quantum MZ interferometry compared to highly squeezed SMSV state generation.