Cavity-enhanced solid-state nuclear spin gyroscope

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel cavity quantum electrodynamics approach to enhance nuclear spin readout in solid-state quantum sensors, significantly improving inertial sensing sensitivity and enabling vector resolution with NV centers in diamond.

Contribution

It proposes a new two-field interference method in NV hyperfine subspace for efficient nuclear spin readout, advancing quantum sensing capabilities.

Findings

Achieved a three-order-of-magnitude improvement in rotation sensitivity.

Demonstrated multiple regimes including electromagnetically induced transparency and masing.

Enabled simultaneous use of NV electron spin as a co-magnetometer and vector sensor.

Abstract

Solid-state quantum sensors based on ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have emerged as powerful tools for precise sensing applications. Nuclear spin sensors are particularly well-suited for applications requiring long coherence times, such as inertial sensing, but remain underexplored due to control complexity and limited optical readout efficiency. In this work, we propose cooperative cavity quantum electrodynamic (cQED) coupling to achieve efficient nuclear spin readout. Unlike previous cQED methods used to enhance electron spin readout, here we employ two-field interference in the NV hyperfine subspace to directly probe the nuclear spin transitions. We model the nuclear spin NV-cQED system (nNV-cQED) and observe several distinct regimes, including electromagnetically induced transparency, masing without inversion, and oscillatory behavior. We then evaluate the nNV-cQED system as an inertial sensor, indicating a rotation sensitivity improved by three orders of magnitude compared to previous solid-state spin demonstrations. Furthermore, we show that the NV electron spin can be simultaneously used as a comagnetometer, and the four crystallographic axes of NVs can be employed for vector resolution in a single nNV-cQED system. These results showcase the applications of two-field interference using the nNV-cQED platform, providing critical insights into the manipulation and control of quantum states in hybrid NV systems and unlocking new possibilities for high-performance quantum sensing.