Open transmission channels in multimode fiber cavities with random mode mixing

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the use of multimode fiber cavities to control and enhance light transmission through open channels, achieving significant power enhancement and revealing bimodal transmission eigenvalue distributions.

Contribution

It introduces MMFCs as a controllable platform for studying open transmission channels in complex wave transport, enabling high transmission control and power enhancement.

Findings

Achieved 18-fold power enhancement by exciting an open channel.

Observed bimodal transmission eigenvalue distribution in MMFCs.

Demonstrated control over all channels in a multimode fiber cavity.

Abstract

The transport of light in disordered media is governed by open transmission channels, which enable nearly complete transmission of the incident power, despite low average transmission. Extensively studied in diffusive media and chaotic cavities, open channels exhibit unique properties such as universal spatial structure and extended dwell times. However, their experimental study is challenging due to the large number of modes required for control and measurement. We propose a multimode fiber cavity (MMFC) as a platform to explore open channels. Leveraging mode confinement and finite angular spread, MMFCs enable a full control over all channels. This allowed us to achieve an 18-fold power enhancement by selectively exciting an open channel with a transmission rate of $0.90 \pm 0.04$. By analyzing 100 transmission matrices of MMFC realizations, we observed a bimodal transmission eigenvalue distribution, indicating high channel control and low losses. The scalability of MMFCs, combined with long dwell times and potential for nonlinear phenomena, offers new opportunities for studying complex wave transport.