Superharmonic functions in the upper half space with a nonlocal boundary condition

TL;DR

This paper investigates the existence of positive superharmonic functions in the upper half space with a nonlocal boundary condition, identifying critical exponents that determine when solutions exist or do not exist.

Contribution

It introduces a new critical exponent for the existence of solutions and constructs explicit solutions in certain cases, advancing understanding of nonlocal boundary problems.

Findings

No solutions for 0<k≤1.

Existence of solutions for p>p* when 1<k<N-1.

Identification of a second critical exponent p** for regular solutions.

Abstract

We discuss the existence of positive superharmonic functions $u$ in $\mathbb{R}^N_+=\mathbb{R}^{N-1}\times (0, \infty)$, $N\geq 3$, in the sense $-\Delta u=\mu$ for some Radon measure $\mu$, so that $u$ satisfies the nonlocal boundary condition $$ \frac{\partial u}{\partial n}(x',0)=\lambda \int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^{N-1}}\frac{u(y',0)^p}{|x'-y'|^k}dy' \quad\mbox{ on }\partial \mathbb{R}^N_+, $$ where $p,\lambda>0$ and $k\in (0, N-1)$. First, we show that no solutions exist if $0<k\leq 1$. Next, if $1<k<N-1$, we obtain a new critical exponent given by $p^*=\frac{N-1}{k-1}$ for the existence of such solutions. If $\mu\equiv 0$ we construct an exact solution for $p>p^*$ and discuss the existence of regular solutions, case in which we identify a second critical exponent given by $p^{**}=2\cdot \frac{N-1}{k-1}-1$. Our approach combines various integral estimates with the properties of the newly introduced $\alpha$-lifting operator and fixed point theorems.