Multiparticle Quantum Heat Engine: Exploring the Impact of Criticality on Efficiency

TL;DR

This paper investigates how criticality influences the efficiency of a quantum Otto engine using a long-range Ising chain, analyzing the effects of particle number, system parameters, and temperature on performance.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of a quantum Otto cycle with a long-range Ising chain, highlighting the role of criticality and system parameters in engine efficiency and mode operation.

Findings

Efficiency peaks near the critical point.

Particle number and temperature significantly affect performance.

Internal factors influence engine and refrigerator modes differently.

Abstract

Quantum many-body systems present substantial technical challenges from both analytical and numerical perspectives. Despite these difficulties, some progress has been made, including studies of interacting atomic gases and interacting quantum spins. Furthermore, the potential for criticality to enhance engine performance has been demonstrated, suggesting a promising direction for future investigation. Here, we explore the performance of a quantum Otto cycle using a long-range Ising chain as the working substance. We consider an idealized cycle consisting of two adiabatic transformations and two perfect thermalizations, eliminating dissipation. Analyzing both engine and refrigerator modes, we investigate the influence of particle number, varied from 10 to 100, on efficiencies and behavior near the critical point of the phase transition, which we characterize using a scaling factor. We also examine how internal factors; specifically, the power-law exponent, the number of particles, and the hot and cold reservoir temperatures, affect the system's operation in different modes. Our results reveal that these factors have a different impact compared to their classical counterparts.