Measurement and Analysis of Scattering From Building Surfaces at Millimeter-Wave Frequency

TL;DR

This paper presents comprehensive 3D scattering measurements at 28 GHz on real building surfaces, highlighting the importance of incident and receiving angles for accurate millimeter-wave channel modeling in future air-to-ground networks.

Contribution

It provides multi-angle scattering data and analysis for building surfaces, extending beyond previous single-angle studies, to improve channel models at millimeter-wave frequencies.

Findings

Scattering properties vary significantly with incident angle.

Material and surface characteristics influence scattering behavior.

3D angle considerations are essential for accurate modeling.

Abstract

In future air-to-ground integrated networks, the scattering effects from ground-based scatterers, such as buildings, cannot be neglected in millimeter-wave and higher frequency bands, and have a significant impact on channel characteristics. However, current scattering measurement studies primarily focus on single incident angles within the incident plane, leading to insufficient characterization of scattering properties. In this paper, we present scattering measurements conducted at 28 GHz on various real-world building surfaces with multiple incident angles and three-dimensional (3D) receiving angles. The measured data are analyzed in conjunction with parameterized scattering models in ray tracing and numerical simulations. Results indicate that for millimeter-wave channel modeling near building surfaces, it is crucial to account not only for surface materials but also for the scattering properties of the building surfaces with respect to the incident angle and receiving positions in 3D space.