How to make a Universe

TL;DR

This paper proposes a theoretical framework linking the evolution of physical laws and matter creation through global time variables dual to fundamental constants, suggesting a natural selection process for the laws of physics.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach using dual global time variables and a mutation-based model to explain the evolution and stability of physical laws and constants.

Findings

Framework connects matter creation with evolution of physical laws.

Proposes a mutation model based on Markov chains for law variability.

Predicts a natural selection process leading to stable physical laws.

Abstract

We establish the general conditions under which evolution in the laws of physics and matter creation or destruction are closely intertwined. They make use of global time variables canonically dual to the constants of Nature. Such times flow at a rate determined by what can be interpret as the chemical potential of the fundamental constants (in analogy with phenomenological clocks based on isentropic fluids). The general condition for violations of energy conservation is then that a matter parameter evolves as a function of a gravity clock or vice-versa. This framework can be envisaged as the environment within which a natural selection scenario operates, powered by random mutations in the values of the constants of nature (or indeed any other variability in the laws in terms of the times defined above). The prize function is the creation of matter, followed by its preservation. This can be accomplished in an environment where diffeomorphism invariance is among the possible theories, with mutations modelled, for example, on the absorbing Markov chain. In such a set-up the diffeormorphism invariant state with fixed constants (or any nearby state) should be the absorbing state. John Wheeler's ``higgledy-piggledy'' chaotic cosmic start therefore finds a realization in this model, where its own demise and the establishment of order and seemingly immutable laws is also a predection of the model.