Privacy Preserving Charge Location Prediction for Electric Vehicles

TL;DR

This paper introduces a federated learning approach using transformer networks to predict electric vehicle charge locations, significantly enhancing privacy while maintaining high prediction accuracy.

Contribution

It proposes a novel privacy-preserving federated learning framework with peer-to-peer weight sharing for EV charge location prediction.

Findings

Achieved up to 92% prediction accuracy with privacy measures

Compared to 98% accuracy of centralized models without privacy

Demonstrated effective long-term energy demand forecasting

Abstract

By 2050, electric vehicles (EVs) are projected to account for 70% of global vehicle sales. While EVs provide environmental benefits, they also pose challenges for energy generation, grid infrastructure, and data privacy. Current research on EV routing and charge management often overlooks privacy when predicting energy demands, leaving sensitive mobility data vulnerable. To address this, we developed a Federated Learning Transformer Network (FLTN) to predict EVs' next charge location with enhanced privacy measures. Each EV operates as a client, training an onboard FLTN model that shares only model weights, not raw data with a community-based Distributed Energy Resource Management System (DERMS), which aggregates them into a community global model. To further enhance privacy, non-transitory EVs use peer-to-peer weight sharing and augmentation within their community, obfuscating individual contributions and improving model accuracy. Community DERMS global model weights are then redistributed to EVs for continuous training. Our FLTN approach achieved up to 92% accuracy while preserving data privacy, compared to our baseline centralised model, which achieved 98% accuracy with no data privacy. Simulations conducted across diverse charge levels confirm the FLTN's ability to forecast energy demands over extended periods. We present a privacy-focused solution for forecasting EV charge location prediction, effectively mitigating data leakage risks.