Circumstellar and circumbinary discs in multiple stellar systems

TL;DR

This review discusses how multiple stellar systems influence the structure, evolution, and planet-forming potential of circumstellar and circumbinary discs through recent observational and theoretical advances.

Contribution

It synthesizes recent observational and simulation studies to elucidate the impact of stellar multiplicity on disc morphology, dust dynamics, and planetary system diversity.

Findings

Stellar companions cause disc truncation, spirals, and misalignment.

High-resolution observations reveal detailed disc structures.

Simulations provide insights into disc evolution in multiple systems.

Abstract

The interplay between stellar multiplicity and protoplanetary discs represents a cornerstone of modern astrophysics, offering key insights into the processes of planet formation. Protoplanetary discs act as cradles for planetary systems, yet their evolution and capacity to form planets are profoundly affected by gravitational forces within multiple stellar systems. This review synthesises recent advancements in observational and theoretical studies to explore the rich diversity of circumstellar and circumbinary discs within multiple stellar systems. We examine how stellar companions shape disc morphology through truncation, spirals, and misalignment. We also outline how dust dynamics and planetesimal formation are impacted by stellar multiplicity. On top of this, observations at high angular resolution reveal detailed disc structures, while simulations offer key insights into their evolution. Last, we consider the implications of stellar multiplicity for planetary system architectures, emphasising the diversity of planetary outcomes in such environments. Looking ahead, coordinated efforts combining high-resolution observations with advanced numerical models will be critical for unravelling the role of multiple stellar systems in shaping planetary formation and evolution.