Assessing the effectiveness of park-and-ride facilities on multimodal networks in smart cities

TL;DR

This paper develops an optimization model to select parking facilities in smart cities, balancing travel time, cost, and availability risk, demonstrated through a case study in Seville.

Contribution

It introduces an integer programming approach for optimal parking facility selection considering multiple criteria and user profiles.

Findings

Optimized parking strategies reduce total travel time and costs.

The model effectively accounts for parking availability risks.

Case study in Seville validates the approach's practical benefits.

Abstract

This paper presents an optimization procedure to choose a parking facility according to different criteria: total travel time including transfers, parking fee and a factor depending on the risk of not having an available spot in the parking facility at the arrival time. An integer programming formulation is proposed to determine an optimal strategy of minimum cost considering the available information, different scenarios, and each user profile. To evaluate the performance, a computational experience has been carried out on Seville (Spain), where a historical city center restricts the traffic of private vehicles and encourages the use of parking facilities.