Lifelong 3D Mapping Framework for Hand-held & Robot-mounted LiDAR Mapping Systems

TL;DR

This paper introduces a modular, cloud-native lifelong 3D mapping framework compatible with hand-held and robot-mounted LiDAR systems, featuring dynamic point removal, automatic multi-session alignment, change detection, and version control.

Contribution

The framework's novelty lies in its sensor-agnostic design, automated multi-session map alignment, and a unique map version control system that efficiently manages environment changes.

Findings

Effective dynamic point removal for clean static maps

Automatic multi-session map alignment without manual tuning

Accurate change detection and efficient map version management

Abstract

We propose a lifelong 3D mapping framework that is modular, cloud-native by design and more importantly, works for both hand-held and robot-mounted 3D LiDAR mapping systems. Our proposed framework comprises of dynamic point removal, multi-session map alignment, map change detection and map version control. First, our sensor-setup agnostic dynamic point removal algorithm works seamlessly with both hand-held and robot-mounted setups to produce clean static 3D maps. Second, the multi-session map alignment aligns these clean static maps automatically, without manual parameter fine-tuning, into a single reference frame, using a two stage approach based on feature descriptor matching and fine registration. Third, our novel map change detection identifies positive and negative changes between two aligned maps. Finally, the map version control maintains a single base map that represents the current state of the environment, and stores the detected positive and negative changes, and boundary information. Our unique map version control system can reconstruct any of the previous clean session maps and allows users to query changes between any two random mapping sessions, all without storing any input raw session maps, making it very unique. Extensive experiments are performed using hand-held commercial LiDAR mapping devices and open-source robot-mounted LiDAR SLAM algorithms to evaluate each module and the whole 3D lifelong mapping framework.