Unifying Inflation, dark energy and dark matter with a scalar field and exotic fermions

TL;DR

This paper proposes a unified model using a scalar field and exotic fermions within a non-Riemannian framework to explain inflation, dark energy, and dark matter, aligning with observational constraints.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach combining non-Riemannian measures and fermions to unify early and late universe phenomena in a single scalar field model.

Findings

Inflationary constraints derived from observational data.

Scalar field dynamics influenced by fermions during reheating.

Dark energy's small value achieved through parameter tuning.

Abstract

In this paper we consider a new approach to unify inflation and the late universe with dark energy and dark matter formulated in a model that includes a non-Riemannian metric independent measure and a scalar field with spontaneously broken scale symmetry. Here first of all inflation is possible, which is then followed by a reheating oscillating period and this leads to the formation of all kind of particles, including fermions, which as the universe expands can contribute to the dark energy and the to the dark matter of the universe. During the inflationary epoch, we find different constraints on the parameter space associated to the effective potential of the scalar field from the observational data. After reheating the scalar field retraces its trajectory in field space but now the scalar field potential can be drastically modified by the effect of the fermions. In this sense, the present dark energy with its very small value in comparison to the inflationary phase which can be adjusted by choosing appropriately the parameter space of couplings of the Riemannian and non Riemannian measures to the fermions.