Sufficient conditions for unbounded superradiance in black hole spacetimes sourced by nonlinear electrodynamics

TL;DR

This paper derives sufficient conditions under which black holes sourced by nonlinear electrodynamics can exhibit unbounded superradiance, where the wave absorption cross section becomes negatively unbounded, expanding understanding of superradiant phenomena.

Contribution

It provides the first set of explicit criteria for unbounded superradiance in NED black hole spacetimes, applicable to a broad class of solutions.

Findings

Derived conditions for unbounded superradiance in NED black holes

Applicable to both regular and singular electrically charged black holes

Discussed general criteria for NED sources to trigger superradiance

Abstract

Recently, it has been reported that black holes (BHs) sourced by nonlinear electrodynamics (NED) can trigger unbounded superradiance, i. e., the total absorption cross section -- the ratio between the absorbed flux and the incident flux of the wave -- can be negative and unbounded from below. Considering the propagation of massive charged test scalar fields in the vicinity of electrically charged BH solutions based on the NED framework, we derive sufficient conditions to have an unbounded superradiant regime. We also discuss some possible general conditions that the NED electrical source associated with the geometry has to satisfy to trigger an unbounded superradiance. Our results apply to a broad family of electrically charged BH solutions (regular and singular) derived in the framework of NED minimally coupled to general relativity.