Active chiral rotors: hydrodynamics and chemotaxis

TL;DR

This paper investigates the hydrodynamic interactions and chemotactic behaviors of active chiral rotors, revealing how their collective motion can be directed or repelled by chemical gradients, with implications for understanding microorganisms and artificial swimmers.

Contribution

It introduces a study of coupled chiral rotors under chemical gradients, highlighting emergent trajectories and chemotactic responses not previously characterized.

Findings

Pairs of rotors can move linearly or circularly depending on their interactions.

Chemotaxis and anti-chemotaxis behaviors are observed in rotor pairs.

One rotor can successfully reach a chemical target under certain conditions.

Abstract

An active chiral rotor is a spherical object that can generate chiral flows in a fluid by rotating about an axis. For example, if the flow around the upper hemisphere of the chiral rotor is in a clockwise direction, then the flow in the lower hemisphere is in the anti-clockwise direction, and vice versa. In this paper, we aim to study the combined behaviour of hydrodynamically interacting chiral rotors in the presence of an external chemical gradient. While a single isolated rotor is stationary in a fluid, a pair of rotors can move in linear or circular paths as they hydrodynamically interact with each other. It is observed that the emergent linear or circular trajectories depend on the type of rotors and the orientation of their rotation axes. The dynamics of the rotors are altered in a more complex environment, such as in an external chemical field. Interestingly, we observe two types of motion: chemotaxis and anti-chemotaxis. While in the anti-chemotaxis case, both rotors are driving away from the target, in the chemotaxis case, one of the rotors successfully reaches the chemical target. This study helps to understand the collective behavior of self-propelled microorganisms and artificial swimmers.