Topology optimization for microchannel heat sinks with nanofluids using an Eulerian-Eulerian approach

TL;DR

This paper introduces a topology optimization method for designing microchannel heat sinks with nanofluids, using an Eulerian-Eulerian model to enhance heat transfer efficiency in electronic cooling applications.

Contribution

It presents a novel density-based topology optimization approach specifically for nanofluid-based microchannel heat sinks utilizing an Eulerian-Eulerian framework.

Findings

Optimized flow fields increase heat transfer by 11.6% over conventional designs.

The number of flow branches correlates with pressure drop and nanoparticle volume fraction.

Parametric analysis reveals key design dependencies for nanofluid heat sinks.

Abstract

The demand for high-performance heat sinks has significantly increased with advancements in computing power and the miniaturization of electronic devices. Among the promising solutions, nanofluids have attracted considerable attention due to their superior thermal conductivity. However, designing a flow field that effectively utilizes nanofluids remains a significant challenge due to the complex interactions between fluid and nanoparticles. In this study, we propose a density-based topology optimization method for microchannel heat sink design using nanofluids. An Eulerian-Eulerian framework is utilized to simulate the behavior of nanofluids, and the optimization problem aims to maximize heat transfer performance under a fixed pressure drop. In numerical examples, we investigate the dependence of the optimized configuration on various parameters and apply the method to the design of a manifold microchannel heat sink. The parametric study reveals that the number of flow branches increases with the increased pressure drop but decreases as the particle volume fraction increases. In the heat sink design, the topology-optimized flow field achieves an 11.6% improvement in heat transfer performance compared to a conventional parallel flow field under identical nanofluid conditions.