Irreversible thermodynamics and Glansdorff-Prigogine principle derived from stochastic thermodynamics

TL;DR

This paper derives the core equations of irreversible thermodynamics, including the Glansdorff-Prigogine principle, from stochastic thermodynamics, linking entropy production, fluxes, and thermodynamic potentials.

Contribution

It provides a derivation of irreversible thermodynamics equations and the Glansdorff-Prigogine principle directly from stochastic thermodynamics, clarifying their foundational basis.

Findings

Entropy production rate is convex in fluxes.

Excess entropy production is nonnegative.

Lyapunov function linked to thermodynamic potential when temperature gradients are absent.

Abstract

We derive the main equations of irreversible thermodynamic including the expression for the Glansdorff-Prigogine extremal principle from stochastic thermodynamics. To this end, we analyze a system that is subject to gradients of temperature and external forces that induce the appearance of fluxes of several sorts and the creation of entropy. We show that the rate of entropy production is a convex function of the fluxes, from which follows that the excess entropy production is nonnegative, which is an expression of the Glansdorff-Prigogine principle. We show that the Lyapunov function associated with the excess entropy production can be identified with a thermodynamic potential in the special case where the gradients of temperature are absent.