Anomalous particles

TL;DR

This paper explores the concept of anomalous particles, specifically electron-antielectron pairs, in Dirac insulators, highlighting their theoretical basis and experimental identification methods.

Contribution

It introduces the idea of anomalous particles as independent entities in Dirac insulators and discusses their experimental detection.

Findings

Anomalous particles can exist independently of conventional particles.

Electron-antielectron pairs can be created in Dirac insulators without holes.

Anomalous particles can be identified through electric current experiments.

Abstract

In the whole set of solutions of the Dirac equation there is a different class referred to as anomalous. Corresponding anomalous particles are independent of conventional ones. The concept of anomalous particles is applicable to Dirac insulators, where electrons obey the Dirac like wave equation. Positively charged antielectrons, which are not holes, can exist in the Dirac insulator. In this material one can create the electron-antielectron pair keeping the valence band completely filled. The anomalous subsystem, associated with the electron-antielectron vacuum, is an inner property of the Dirac insulator. Anamalous particles in the Dirac insulator can be identified in experiments with electric current.