Tailoring Synthetic Gauge Fields in Ultracold Atoms via Spatially Engineered Vector Beams

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new method to generate synthetic gauge fields in ultracold atoms using spatially engineered vector beams, enabling the creation of exotic quantum phases and topological structures with enhanced tunability.

Contribution

The study demonstrates the first use of vector beams to induce synthetic gauge fields in ultracold atoms, expanding the control over quantum states and phases.

Findings

Achieved a three-order-of-magnitude increase in phase diagram range.

Realized topologically nontrivial giant skyrmions in spin space.

Enabled experimental observation of angular stripe phases.

Abstract

Ultracold atoms, typically manipulated by scalar beams with uniform polarization, have propelled advances in quantum simulation, computation, and metrology. Yet, vector beams (VBs) -- structured light with spatially varying polarization -- remain unexplored in this context, despite their enhanced tunability and broad optical applications. Here, we demonstrate a novel scheme to generate synthetic gauge fields in ultracold atoms via VB-mediated coupling of internal states. This approach enables angular stripe phases across an expanded parameter range, achieving a three-order-of-magnitude enhancement in the phase diagram and facilitating experimental observation. We further present an all-optical method to create topologically nontrivial giant skyrmions in spin space, with tunable topology governed by VB parameters. Our findings establish VBs as powerful tools for quantum control and the exploration of exotic quantum states and phases.