Cosmic distance duality after DESI 2024 data release and dark energy evolution

TL;DR

This study tests the cosmic distance duality using DESI 2024 data and various parameterizations, finding no violation and supporting the flat ΛCDM model, with implications for dark energy and the Hubble tension.

Contribution

It introduces multiple parameterizations to test the duality in a model-independent way and assesses the impact of DESI data on cosmological models and the Hubble tension.

Findings

No violation of the cosmic distance duality detected.

Flat ΛCDM remains the preferred cosmological model.

Results align with Riess Hubble estimates when BAO data are excluded.

Abstract

The cosmic distance duality relates the angular-diameter and luminosity distances and its possible violation may puzzle the standard cosmological model. This appears particularly interesting in view of the recent results found by the DESI Collaboration, suggesting that a dynamical dark energy scenario seems to be favored than a genuine cosmological constant. Accordingly, we take into account possible violations by considering four different parameterizations, namely: a Taylor expansion around $z\simeq 0$, a slightly-departing logarithmic correction, a (1;2) Pad\'e rational series to heal the convergence problem and a Chebyshev polynomial expansion, reducing \emph{de facto} the systematic errors associated with the analysis. We test each of them in a model-independent (-dependent) way, by working out Monte-Carlo Markov chain analyses, employing the B\'ezier interpolation of the Hubble rate $H(z)$ for the model-independent approach while assuming the flat (non-flat) $\Lambda$CDM and $\omega_0\omega_1$CDM models, motivating the latter paradigm in view of the DESI findings. Subsequently, we explore two analyses, employing observational Hubble data, galaxy clusters from the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect and type Ia supernovae, investigating the impact of the DESI data catalog, first including then excluding the entire data set. Afterwards, we adopt statistical model selection criteria to assess the statistically favored cosmological model. Our results suggest \emph{no violation} of the cosmic distance duality. While a slight spatial curvature cannot be entirely excluded, the preferred cosmological model remains the flat $\Lambda$CDM background, even when incorporating DESI data. Finally, concerning the Hubble tension, our findings match the Riess estimates, as BAO data points are excluded.