Electromagnetic Follow-up to Gravitational Wave Events with the UltraViolet EXplorer (UVEX)

TL;DR

UVEX, a future ultraviolet space telescope launching around 2030, aims to rapidly observe electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational wave events, enhancing understanding of kilonovae through simulated observation strategies.

Contribution

This paper develops and evaluates target-of-opportunity observation strategies for UVEX to optimize detection of kilonovae following gravitational wave events.

Findings

Simulated UVEX observation strategies for upcoming LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA runs.

Estimated detection prospects for binary neutron star mergers.

Strategies to maximize scientific return under low merger rate scenarios.

Abstract

The Ultraviolet Explorer (UVEX) is expected to fly in 2030 and will have the opportunity -- and the rapid near/far ultraviolet (UV) capabilities -- to glean unprecedented insight into the bright UV emission present in kilonovae like that of AT 170817gfo, the electromagnetic counterpart to binary neutron star merger GW170817. To do so, it will need to perform prompt target-of-opportunity observations following detection of binary neutron star mergers by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA gravitational observatories. We present initial simulations to develop UVEX target-of-opportunity strategies for such events and provide the community with detailed initial estimates of the prospects for and characteristics of UVEX target-of-opportunity observations following gravitational-wave events, considering fiducial scenarios for the fifth and sixth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing runs. Additionally, in light of the relatively few binary neutron star mergers observed since GW170817, we consider variant target-of-opportunity strategies for UVEX to maximize scientific gain in the case of a lowered binary neutron star merger rate.