Regularizing cross entropy loss via minimum entropy and K-L divergence

TL;DR

This paper introduces two new loss functions, MIX-ENT and MIN-ENT, that regularize cross entropy with entropy and K-L divergence terms, improving classification accuracy on EMNIST-Letters with deep neural networks.

Contribution

The paper proposes two novel regularized loss functions, MIX-ENT and MIN-ENT, extending cross entropy with entropy and K-L divergence terms for improved deep learning classification.

Findings

MIX-ENT and MIN-ENT outperform standard cross entropy on EMNIST-Letters.

VGG with MIN-ENT reaches 95.933% accuracy, surpassing previous models.

Models and code are publicly available at the provided GitHub link.

Abstract

I introduce two novel loss functions for classification in deep learning. The two loss functions extend standard cross entropy loss by regularizing it with minimum entropy and Kullback-Leibler (K-L) divergence terms. The first of the two novel loss functions is termed mixed entropy loss (MIX-ENT for short), while the second one is termed minimum entropy regularized cross-entropy loss (MIN-ENT for short). The MIX-ENT function introduces a regularizer that can be shown to be equivalent to the sum of a minimum entropy term and a K-L divergence term. However, it should be noted that the K-L divergence term here is different from that in the standard cross-entropy loss function, in the sense that it swaps the roles of the target probability and the hypothesis probability. The MIN-ENT function simply adds a minimum entropy regularizer to the standard cross entropy loss function. In both MIX-ENT and MIN-ENT, the minimum entropy regularizer minimizes the entropy of the hypothesis probability distribution which is output by the neural network. Experiments on the EMNIST-Letters dataset shows that my implementation of MIX-ENT and MIN-ENT lets the VGG model climb from its previous 3rd position on the paperswithcode leaderboard to reach the 2nd position on the leaderboard, outperforming the Spinal-VGG model in so doing. Specifically, using standard cross-entropy, VGG achieves 95.86% while Spinal-VGG achieves 95.88% classification accuracies, whereas using VGG (without Spinal-VGG) our MIN-ENT achieved 95.933%, while our MIX-ENT achieved 95.927% accuracies. The pre-trained models for both MIX-ENT and MIN-ENT are at https://github.com/rahmanoladi/minimum entropy project.